$64 Million Fine: Brazil Targets Meatpackers Buying Cattle from Deforested Amazon
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$64 Million Fine: Brazil Targets Meatpackers Buying Cattle from Deforested Amazon

Brazil is taking a bold step in the fight against rainforest destruction, issuing $64 million in fines to several meatpacking plants. The companies are accused of buying cattle raised in deforested areas of the Amazon, which not only damages the ecosystem but also contributes to the further destruction of one of the planet’s most important natural resources. The decision highlights the government’s commitment to cracking down on illegal practices and protecting the region’s unique flora and fauna. The fine is part of a broader environmental and reforestation strategy, and could have a significant impact on the country’s meat industry.

JBS hit with big fine as Brazilian authorities crack down on illegal deforestation in Amazon

Brazil’s environmental agency IBAMA has fined cattle ranches and meat processing plants 365 million reais (about $64 million). Among the offenders was the world’s largest company, JBS SA, which was caught raising and buying cattle on land illegally cleared of forest in the Amazon region.

According to IBAMA, the agency identified 69 properties that sold 18,000 cattle raised in deforestation, and 23 meat processing companies that purchased the cattle in the states of Pará and Amazonas. The enforcement operation targeted violations of deforestation restrictions in the Amazon, focusing on monitoring the supply chain related to the production and sale of cattle that were obtained in violation of environmental regulations.

JBS denies the allegations that it buys livestock from areas identified by IBAMA. “All purchases cited by IBAMA were not made in embargoed areas,” the company said. In a statement, JBS stressed that its geospatial monitoring system ensures strict controls, allowing the company to avoid buying animals from farms engaged in illegal logging, which violates the rights of indigenous peoples, or located in protected natural areas.

Agriculture and the Environment: Agribusinesses’ Commitments to Protecting the Amazon Rainforest

Large-scale cattle ranching and land clearing for timber or soybean crops are the main causes of deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.

These processes have a devastating effect on the ecosystem, threatening both biodiversity and the region’s climate stability. In 2013, in response to growing environmental concerns, several meatpacking companies, including major players in the industry like JBS, entered into settlements with prosecutors. As part of these agreements, they agreed not to purchase cattle from ranches that had illegally cleared forests or that had been blacklisted for environmental violations.

This collaboration between businesses and governments is an important step in efforts to combat illegal deforestation. But achieving significant results requires not only compliance with agreements, but also transparency in supply chains. JBS and more than a dozen other large agribusinesses have also committed to eliminating deforestation from their supply chains by 2025. This commitment includes not only direct suppliers, but also indirect ones who sell to middlemen, who sell to meat packers.

This decision is part of a broader strategy to protect the environment and promote sustainable agriculture. Agricultural companies understand that in order to preserve the ecosystem and achieve long-term sustainability, they need to implement practices that minimize their ecological footprint. An important step in this direction will be the creation of effective monitoring and management systems that will allow monitoring compliance with environmental standards at all levels of the supply chain. This is the only way to stop further deforestation and preserve the unique natural heritage of the Amazon for future generations.

The Gazelle Antelope is on the Brink of Extinction: Environmentalists Sound the Alarm
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The Gazelle Antelope is on the Brink of Extinction: Environmentalists Sound the Alarm

The Mongolian gazelle, a dzeren antelope native to Central Asia including Mongolia, China and Russia, is on the brink of extinction. This graceful species, known for its incredible endurance and ability to survive in the harsh conditions of the steppes and deserts, is threatened with extinction due to a number of factors. Environmentalists are sounding the alarm, realizing that without urgent measures, the population of dzerens may disappear forever.

Reasons for population decline

One of the main reasons for the sharp decline in the number of dzerens is the loss of their natural habitat. The gradual development of steppe areas for agricultural purposes and construction deprives dzerens of their usual pastures and places for migration. This is especially important, since dzerens annually make mass migrations in search of food and water, and any obstacle in their path can be fatal for them.

Climate change also plays a role in the decline of these animals. Harsh winters with deep snow that prevents access to grass, as well as dry summers, make survival extremely difficult for dzerens. In recent decades, these natural phenomena have become more frequent and intense, which further aggravates the situation.

Poaching also affects the population of dzerens. Despite conservation measures, illegal hunting of these antelopes remains a widespread problem. Poachers hunt dzerens for meat and skins, which leads to a sharp reduction in their numbers in some regions.

Environmental measures and rescue programs

In response to the critical situation of the dzeren antelope, international and national conservation organizations are developing programs to protect it. One of the most important measures is the creation of protected natural zones where dzerens can freely migrate and find safe places to reproduce. Several reserves have already been created in Mongolia and China, but these measures are not enough to fully restore the population.

An important step is the fight against poaching. In a number of regions, tough measures have been introduced against illegal hunting, including increased patrolling of territories and tougher penalties. The introduction of modern technologies, such as drones and surveillance cameras, helps to monitor remote areas where poachers previously operated with impunity.

In addition, environmentalists are actively engaged in educating the local population, explaining the importance of preserving dzerens for the ecosystem. Dzerens are an important link in the food chain, and their disappearance can affect other species of animals, including predators.

The situation with the dzeren antelope is extremely alarming, and only coordinated actions by environmentalists, governments and local populations can save this unique species from extinction. Protection of natural areas, the fight against poaching and climate measures can be the steps that will give the dzeren a chance to survive and preserve their place in the ecosystems of Central Asia.

The Power of Nature: How Dead Leaves in the Sea Help Produce Oxygen
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The Power of Nature: How Dead Leaves in the Sea Help Produce Oxygen

Dead leaves falling into sea waters trigger an amazing process that turns them into valuable biological fertilizer. This natural composting process not only helps decompose plant material, but also helps produce oxygen, which is essential for the ocean ecosystem. Dead leaves thus become key elements in maintaining marine life, ensuring the health of aquatic ecosystems and promoting a sustainable balance of nature.

Underwater composts of the Mediterranean: carbon fluxes and photosynthetic activity of Posidonia

Scientists from the University of Liege (Belgium) have investigated the fate of material produced in Posidonia seagrass meadow ecosystems. The study, conducted in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the STARESO project, shows that dead leaves, known as Neptune grass, accumulate in shallow waters where they decompose through a process called composting, restoring organic matter. This process plays a previously underestimated role in carbon flows in Mediterranean coastal ecosystems.

Surprisingly, in addition to carbon dioxide emissions, oxygen production was also recorded. This is due to the presence of photosynthetic organisms living in the marine compost, which significantly distinguishes it from compost formed on land. The results of the study were published in the journal Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science.

Posidonia, the flowering plant that has become a symbol of the Mediterranean and is known as Neptune’s grass, forms vast underwater meadows in shallow waters less than 40 metres deep. “This land plant, which recolonised the ocean environment a few million years ago, is a bit of an evolutionary surprise,” explains Alberto Borges, an oceanographer at ULiège. “Like many land plants in our region, Posidonia loses its old leaves in autumn. These dead leaves accumulate as litter, just as they do at the base of trees, forming large clumps around the sea grass meadows.”

These massive accumulations of fallen Posidonia leaves, their decomposition and transformation processes attracted the attention of scientists who went to the oceanographic station STARESO in Calvi (Corsica). Here they conducted a study dedicated to the study of the primary production and decomposition of organic matter in the remains of sea grass in order to better understand the processes of transformation of organic matter in the underwater meadows of the Mediterranean Sea.

“The organic matter in the litter decomposes, releasing nutrients and carbon dioxide, just like compost in a garden,” comments Gilles Lepoint. “These layers accumulate in sunny, open areas.”

“Any gardener knows that plants need light and nutrients to grow. Based on this principle, we conducted our study and made a surprising discovery: oxygen production was detected in the litter, which seemed dead and inert. This turned out to be the result of photosynthetic activity of macroalgae, detached shoots of Posidonia from nearby meadows and microscopic diatoms present in the litter,” the researchers explained.

In conclusion, it can be noted that in the nutrient medium created by the litter, all living plants associated with it actively develop and participate in photosynthesis. Although they produce oxygen, its quantity is insufficient to compensate for the volume absorbed during the decomposition of dead leaves. Therefore, such accumulations remain net consumers of oxygen and continue to act as sources of CO2 emissions, similar to the processes in above-ground composts and litters.

The second conclusion of the study was unexpected for the scientists. “We thought that the litter of Posidonia decomposed quite quickly, but this study showed the opposite, based on the data on the loss of litter mass – the decomposition process is slower,” explains Alberto Borges. “We used short-term (one day) incubations with very precise measurements of oxygen levels to study respiration.” These data provided a more precise estimate, which was lower than the values ​​obtained by long-term observations of mass loss (over several months). This discovery may revise current carbon balance calculations for such ecosystems, which until now have been based on traditional methods.

Exploring the depths: the role of Posidonia in supporting life on rocky sites and their mutual influence

During the study, the scientists also looked at the primary production and breakdown of organic matter by macroalgae growing on rocky areas adjacent to the Posidonia meadows. “We hypothesized that there might be some interaction between these two systems, which at first glance appear to be isolated and independent. And again, the result was unexpected,” says Willy Champenois.

“Despite the ability of these macroalgae to photosynthesize, they turned out to be net consumers of oxygen, rather than producers, as we expected. This suggests that the bacteria and invertebrates living among the algae use more oxygen than the algae themselves are able to create. Therefore, we can conclude that additional organic matter comes from some external source, supporting this process,” the researchers explain.

Using mass balance calculations, the scientists determined that the excess organic matter most likely comes from the Posidonia, a process that occurs through the diffusion of dissolved organic molecules that move from underwater seagrass meadows and their litter to adjacent rocky areas.

In summary, it can be concluded that a two-way exchange occurs between the macroalgae on the rocks and the Posidonia meadows. The macroalgae, detaching from the rocks, can settle in the Posidonia litter, thereby facilitating primary production in these areas. At the same time, the sea grass supplies the rocky areas with organic molecules, which the bacteria living among the macroalgae effectively assimilate. Thus, both ecosystems are interconnected and benefit each other.

This study opens up new horizons in the quantification and analysis of the organic carbon balance in the underwater meadows of Posidonia seagrass located in the Gulf of Calvi. Since the 1980s, this region has been under the close attention of oceanographers and marine biologists from the University of Liège, who carry out their research, including with the help of the marine research station STARESO.

Scottish taxis hit the environment hard: NOx emissions 84% ​​higher than cars
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Scottish taxis hit the environment hard: NOx emissions 84% ​​higher than cars

A new study has found that Scottish taxis emit significantly more nitrogen oxides (NOx) than passenger cars, at 84%. The worrying finding highlights the environmental problems associated with urban transport and calls into question the sustainability of existing pollution control standards. As taxis continue to play a vital role in public transport, their impact on air quality is becoming an increasingly pressing topic of discussion among environmentalists and urban planners.

TRUE study: Scottish taxis and rental cars emit significantly more emissions than cars

Taxis, which are used extensively in cities, are significant sources of polluting emissions, according to a three-year study covering 1.4 million vehicle emissions measurements in Scotland by The Real Urban Emissions (TRUE). The report, Real Vehicle Emissions in Four Major Scottish Cities: A Comprehensive Analysis of Remote Sensing Data 2021–2023, collected and analyzed real emissions data from Glasgow, Edinburgh, Dundee and Aberdeen.

The study found that diesel taxis and private hire cars emit significantly more nitrogen oxide (NOx) than passenger cars, due to their emission control systems wearing out faster due to high levels of use. Taxis registered between 2009 and 2016 produced 84% more NOx emissions than passenger cars of the same age. In the cities of Dundee and Edinburgh, average emissions from taxis and private hire cars increased despite fleets being updated with new models, confirming this trend. In addition, some older diesel taxis fitted with DPFs showed levels of particulate matter (PM) emissions that suggested the filters had either been removed entirely or were in a critically poor condition.

New diesel and petrol models from Scotland’s passenger cars show significant improvements in real-world nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, driven by the introduction of stricter exhaust emissions standards across Europe. For example, the latest Euro 6d models emit 95% less NOx than Euro 3. Three-year tests have shown a 7% annual reduction in NOx emissions from private passenger cars, driven by the natural replacement of older cars with newer ones. However, some of the latest models (Euro 6d-TEMP and Euro 6d) still exceed road-going emissions (RDE) limits, with the worst offenders emitting more than twice the legal limit.

The report notes that Euro V trucks, which are among the oldest in the fleet, are subject to significant emissions increases over time. These vehicles are often found to have faulty or modified emission control systems, highlighting the need to identify these trucks and remove them from service. The document makes a number of recommendations based on the research, including:

  • Introduce mandatory NOx emissions testing as part of annual national vehicle inspections to enable early detection of major polluters.
  • Local authorities impose mileage or age restrictions on taxis and rental cars.
  • Taking measures to accelerate the renewal of the vehicle fleet and the transition to zero-emission transport.

Scotland rethinks transport habits as new data highlights need for greener alternatives

Derek McCreadie, Senior Air Quality Adviser at Transport Scotland, said: “Remote sensing technology provides accurate data on the actual emissions of diesel and petrol vehicles in urban environments. It helps to identify deviations from the standard standards and limits set for different vehicle types. The introduction of low emission zones in four major cities allows us to better assess the real levels of emissions and create effective strategies to improve air quality and the health of people in Scotland.”

Sheila Watson, deputy director of the FIA ​​Foundation and co-founder of the TRUE Initiative, expressed surprise: “It is striking that the most heavily used vehicles in Scottish cities are also the biggest polluters. Even with fleet renewal in Dundee and Edinburgh, emissions continue to rise. This clearly highlights the need to rethink how we travel in urban areas. Reducing reliance on cars and promoting public transport, walking and cycling are essential to protecting the environment and health.”

“A multi-year analysis of the study’s results gave us a more complete picture of the actual emission levels in the four cities,” said Kailin Li, a researcher at ICCT. “This allowed us to provide evidence-based recommendations that take into account gradual changes in vehicle fleets over several years, rather than relying on data collected at a single point in time.”

The aim of the Remote Air Monitoring Project was to create a database of actual vehicle emissions in Scotland and to develop recommendations for the further development of a remotely sensed air quality monitoring system in low emission zones. Transport Scotland commissioned a consortium comprising TRUE partners the International Council on Clean Transport, Hager Environmental & Atmospheric Technologies (HEAT) and Environmental Resources Management (ERM) to collect and analyze data on actual vehicle emissions from the Scottish vehicle fleet.

On the verge of extinction: how environmental initiatives save rare species of turtles
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On the verge of extinction: how environmental initiatives save rare species of turtles

Saving rare species of turtles has become one of the most important environmental initiatives of recent years. These unique creatures, which have existed on Earth for more than 200 million years, are facing threats that could lead to their extinction. Environmentalists and conservation organizations around the world are working intensively to protect these animals and their habitats.

From Forests to Markets: Environmental Initiatives to Combat Turtle Threats and Successes in Protecting Them

The main threat to turtles is the destruction of their natural ecosystems. For example, forests, mangroves, and coral reefs where turtles live are subject to deforestation, pollution, and climate change. As a result, turtle populations are declining and their reproduction is becoming increasingly difficult. In response to this problem, environmental organizations are creating reserves and protected areas to preserve critical areas.

Smuggling and poaching are another major threat. Turtles are often caught in smugglers’ traps, their shells are used in ornamental products, and their eggs and meat are traded. In response, environmental groups are working to strengthen legislation and increase market controls to curb illegal trade. For example, international agreements such as the Convention on International Trade in Wildlife Species (CITES) help limit the trade in turtles.

An example of a successful initiative is the project to save green turtles on the Galapagos Islands. Thanks to the efforts of local and international ecologists, the number of these turtles has increased several times. The creation of artificial nests and animal rehabilitation programs have contributed to the improvement of their population.

The findings from these efforts show that a comprehensive approach to protecting turtles, including protecting their natural habitats, combating illegal hunting, and developing educational programs, can significantly improve their situation. It will take continued efforts and global cooperation to ensure the survival of these ancient creatures and their transmission to future generations.

What species of turtles are under threat?

Turtles, these ancient creatures that have survived many changes on the planet, today face serious threats. Of the 356 known species of turtles, a significant number are at risk of extinction, and several are particularly vulnerable.

  1. Giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea)

The Aldabra tortoise, native to the Indian Ocean island of Aldabra, is one of the largest land tortoises. Due to poaching and habitat destruction on individual islands, as well as climate change, the tortoise’s population has declined significantly. Today, they are protected in protected areas, but their numbers remain at risk.

  1. Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

This is the largest sea turtle known for its unique leathery shell. Leatherbacks suffer from ocean pollution, especially plastic waste, which they mistake for jellyfish. In addition, climate change and the destruction of nesting sites are also contributing to their decline.

  1. Radley Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

Renowned for its beautiful shell, the Radley turtle is threatened by the trade in shells used in decorative items. Illegal trade and habitat loss have left this species in serious danger of extinction. Global efforts to combat illegal trade and protect nesting sites are key to their conservation.

  1. Long-nosed turtle (Caretta caretta)

Also known as the great sea turtle, these turtles face threats from hunting, pollution, and loss of nesting sites. Protected marine parks and nest protection programs have helped improve their situation, but threats remain.

These turtle species highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to conservation. Anti-poaching, habitat conservation and global cooperation are critical to ensuring the future of these magnificent creatures.

Nature’s Scents and Our Health: How Scientists Are Studying the Impact of Natural Smells on Well-Being
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Nature’s Scents and Our Health: How Scientists Are Studying the Impact of Natural Smells on Well-Being

In recent years, scientific research has increasingly focused on the impact of the environment on human health, and one of the most intriguing aspects of this study is the role of natural scents. Scientists have begun to explore how the scents of forests, the sea, and other natural landscapes can impact our physical and emotional well-being. These studies aim to uncover how natural scents can reduce stress, improve mood, and even have a positive impact on overall health. Understanding these interactions can open up new perspectives for creating wellness practices and improving quality of life through mindful interaction with nature.

Green Window to Recovery: How Nature Views Speed ​​Up Healing in Healthcare Facilities

A study has demonstrated the surprising effect nature has on the healing process of hospital patients. In the experiment, scientists compared the treatment results of two groups of patients who were in similar conditions, but with one difference: one group had the opportunity to see greenery and open spaces from their rooms, while the other group had a view of brick walls or empty courtyards.

The results of the study showed that patients whose windows overlooked nature recovered significantly faster. They demonstrated lower levels of stress and pain, and required fewer medications to relieve symptoms. Surprisingly, even short-term contact with the natural landscape contributed to a faster recovery and improved overall well-being.

This experiment highlighted the importance of visual and psychological interaction with nature for human well-being. It became the basis for further research aimed at integrating natural elements into medical institutions and creating more comfortable conditions for patients, which opened up new horizons in the approach to treatment and rehabilitation.

Nature’s Scent as Medicine: New Research Reveals Potential of Olfaction to Improve Quality of Life

Understanding how natural scents affect our health could not only improve our well-being, but also influence how we care for our planet, protect ecosystems, and design urban spaces, homes, and parks. While traditional research has focused primarily on the visual aspects of interacting with nature, such as enjoying green landscapes, much less attention has been paid to the role of the sense of smell. A group of researchers aims to change this approach by focusing on how the scents of nature affect our physical and emotional well-being. This new area of ​​research could pave the way for a deeper understanding of how scents can contribute to our health and well-being, as well as influence the future design of living spaces and conservation.

“Our environment is saturated with scents, and we have a sophisticated olfactory system that detects and interprets them, which in turn influences our mood and behavior,” explains Gregory Bratman, an associate professor of ecology and forestry at the University of Washington. “Yet, in contrast to the extensive research on the visual perception of nature, we know much less about how nature’s scents and olfactory cues affect us.”

Gregory Bratman points out that while the visual and emotional effects of nature are being studied extensively, the sense of smell remains less explored. “Smells play a key role in shaping our perception of the world around us and can have a significant impact on our psycho-emotional state,” he adds. Research shows that olfactory signals can trigger various emotional responses and even change cognitive processes.

Modern research is beginning to focus on the importance of olfactory perception, viewing it as a powerful tool in improving quality of life and well-being. For example, the smells of forests, fresh grass, or sea air can have a calming and restorative effect. This knowledge can be used to create more harmonious and supportive spaces in healthcare settings, urban areas, and residential areas.

As scientists continue to delve deeper into the study of olfactory perception, we are beginning to realize how important it is to incorporate the scents of nature into solutions aimed at improving overall well-being and creating healthier, more comfortable living conditions.

Gregory Bratman and his international colleagues are joining forces to study how odors and aromas from natural environments affect our health and well-being. This interdisciplinary team of specialists, including experts in olfaction, psychology, ecology, public health, atmospheric sciences and other fields, works in scientific institutions around the world, from the US and UK to Taiwan, Germany, Poland and Cyprus.

In Thailand, floods have killed 22 people and affected thousands of families
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In Thailand, floods have killed 22 people and affected thousands of families

In Thailand, disaster once again struck the country with destructive force: floods that swept through several regions led to the tragic death of 22 people. The situation remains critical and authorities are warning of possible new threats, urging citizens to be extremely careful and prepare for further challenges that could hit in the coming days.

Shinawatra visits affected areas as rescue workers try to free workers from rubble in Nakhon Ratchasima

Thailand has been hit by powerful monsoon rains in recent days, causing widespread flooding and landslides that have killed 22 people and left 19 others injured. Local authorities reported widespread destruction affecting more than 30,000 households in various provinces of the country. These extreme weather conditions were the result of intense torrential rainfall that hit the country and caused river levels to soar, flooding large areas.

On the southern island of Phuket, which was hit particularly hard, a landslide struck, killing 13 people, including a Russian couple and nine migrant workers from neighboring Myanmar. These tragic events are only part of a larger picture of destruction that has affected dozens of provinces. Officials warn the risk of flooding and landslides remains and urge residents to take extra care.

Prime Minister Patong Tan Shinawatra is actively involved in providing assistance to the victims. He personally visits flooded areas, distributing food rations to residents of northern Nana. At the same time, the Ministry of Transport is faced with the challenges of rescue operations, in particular at the construction site of the Thai-Chinese railway in Nakhon Ratchasima province, where a tunnel collapsed. Rescuers are struggling to free three workers from the rubble, highlighting the scale of the problem.

In light of current events, authorities urge the public to take precautions and monitor weather forecasts as monsoon rains are expected to continue. Experts warn of possible new waves of floods and landslides, which could cause further damage and loss.

New threats: strategies to prepare for and protect against floods and landslides

With the growing threat of floods and landslides, it is important to know how to act correctly to minimize risks to life and health. The first and foremost recommendation is to follow weather warnings and recommendations from local authorities. Modern technology allows you to quickly receive information about potential threats, so it is important to stay up to date with the latest updates and prepare in advance for possible disasters.

If there is a threat of flooding, if you are in a risk area, you should evacuate immediately. The water can rise very quickly and you need to be prepared to react quickly. Prepare an emergency kit that includes important documents, medications, water, non-perishable food, a flashlight and spare batteries. If you are indoors, move valuables to upper floors and turn off electricity to prevent short circuits.

In case of landslides, it is also important to act in advance. If you live near slopes or in an area prone to landslides, try to avoid these areas in rainy conditions. Watch closely for signs of ground instability, such as cracks in the ground or flooded areas. If a landslide has already occurred, immediately leave the danger zone and report the situation to emergency services. Try to avoid driving in landslide areas, as roads may be destroyed or blocked.

In both cases, remain calm and follow the instructions of local authorities. Regular training and emergency response training will help you and your family be more prepared for unexpected natural disasters.

A sustainable future for megacities: how urban green initiatives are changing our world
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A sustainable future for megacities: how urban green initiatives are changing our world

Metropolises around the world continue to grow rapidly, becoming centers of economic activity, innovation and cultural exchange. At the same time, with an increase in population and building density, cities face serious environmental challenges. Many of them have begun to introduce environmental initiatives, recognizing the importance of nature conservation and the need to find a balance between urbanization and sustainable development.

Urban green transformations: how megacities adapt to environmental challenges

One of the key directions in the development of megacities is the introduction of “green” technologies and infrastructure solutions aimed at reducing the carbon footprint and improving the quality of life of city residents. For example, some cities are intensifying the construction of “green” buildings using renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly materials. Architects and engineers develop designs that minimize environmental impact and make efficient use of natural resources.

In addition, many megacities are introducing programs to green urban spaces. Squares, parks and “green roofs” are becoming an integral part of urban infrastructure, creating natural oases in the concrete jungle. These green areas not only improve the city’s microclimate, but also improve the standard of living of its residents by offering space for recreation and sports.

Equally important is the development of public transport systems and the promotion of bicycle use. Many cities are actively developing bike lane networks and introducing bike rental programs, which helps reduce the number of cars on the roads and reduce air pollution.

Ultimately, the efforts of megacities to introduce environmental initiatives are aimed at creating a more comfortable and safe living environment, as well as preserving the environment for future generations. Modern cities, thanks to their innovations, can become examples of how urbanization can be harmoniously combined with concern for nature.

Sustainable development of megacities also requires the active participation of residents in environmental initiatives. It is important that citizens understand their role in preserving the environment and take part in programs to recycle waste, save water and energy, and also take care of the cleanliness of their neighborhoods. Raising environmental awareness and creating conditions for everyone to participate in supporting the environment are important aspects of urban planning.

One of the striking examples of successful environmental reconstruction are projects to revive natural landscapes on the sites of former industrial zones or reservoirs. In some megacities, old industrial areas are being converted into park areas and natural reserves, which not only improves the environmental situation, but also makes cities more attractive for living.

Thus, ecology is becoming an important part of the development strategies of modern megacities. Cities that embrace green innovation not only create better environments for their residents, but also make a significant contribution to the global fight against climate change. It is important that these efforts are supported at all levels – from governments and businesses to every individual citizen, then megacities can become examples of sustainable development for the whole world.

Innovation in Oslo: smart lights and electricity from waste

In the Norwegian capital, more than ten thousand street lights are connected into a single network controlled by a central computer. This system takes into account weather conditions and the needs of local cafes and shops. For lighting, only high-pressure sodium lamps are used, which facilitates maintenance and allows you to adjust the brightness of each lamp. The system also predicts when lamps will require replacement, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Oslo has also implemented the “Energy from Waste” program, which allows more than 70% of waste to be recycled, providing the city with heat and energy.

New York is moving away from foam

The official ban on the use of foam packaging came into force on July 1, 2015. The decision was made after it became clear that this material cannot be recycled and takes centuries to decompose. Before the ban, about 30,000 tons of polystyrene foam went into New York City landfills each year.

Innovation in The Hague: Ecological taxis and smart heating for comfort and ecology

The Hague has introduced a fleet of vehicles consisting exclusively of electric vehicles serving as taxis. Passengers can call an eco-friendly taxi by phone or hail one right on the street. It is also possible to take a tourist trip around the city using such a taxi.

In addition, the city administration has an intelligent climate control system. Using underground water, it maintains a comfortable temperature all year round: pipes throughout the building provide heat in winter, and coolness in summer.

Scientists sound the alarm: expansion of the ‘dead zone’ in the Gulf of Mexico threatens life
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Scientists sound the alarm: expansion of the ‘dead zone’ in the Gulf of Mexico threatens life

Under the influence of human activities, our planet is experiencing large-scale global changes, leading to many serious consequences. One of the most threatening phenomena is the emergence and rapid expansion of dead zones, which actually destroy and deplete ecosystems within their borders.

Expansion of the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico: exceeding forecasts and increasing environmental risks

The Gulf of Mexico’s dead zone, a critically low-oxygen region that threatens marine life, has expanded to 10,790 square kilometers this year, nearly the size of the US state of New Jersey. Such a rapid expansion of the zone, which destroys all life within its limits, has caused serious concern among scientists, The Byte reports.

Scientists working with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have documented an increase in the dead zone, primarily due to nutrient-rich runoff from the Mississippi River. Although the zone was the 12th largest on record, it exceeded previous projections, highlighting the challenges in reducing it. This year, the dead zone area exceeded the predicted 6,920 square kilometers, maintaining a five-year average that is twice the target size set for 2035.

Nancy Rabalais, a Louisiana State University professor and leading dead zone researcher, said she is surprised by the annual change in the size and distribution of these zones during the summer. This demonstrates the complex and changing nature of the problem. Dead zones form due to pollution from excess nutrients, primarily from agricultural runoff and urban wastewater. These pollutants lead to rapid algae blooms, which, when they die, deplete oxygen in the water, creating hypoxic conditions. This causes serious environmental consequences such as changes in fish diet composition, slower growth, and reduced shrimp populations, which negatively impacts both the marine ecosystem and the fishing industry.

The main factor in the appearance of a dead zone in the bay is human activity, although such zones can also form naturally. Nutrients from agricultural and urban runoff enter the Mississippi River and eventually reach the Gulf, promoting intense algae blooms that cause hypoxia in aquatic life. Globally, the number of dead zones has quadrupled since 1950 and climate change has only exacerbated this problem.

Increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation are increasing nutrient runoff, requiring careful monitoring of these areas. Nicole LeBeouf, assistant administrator for NOAA’s National Ocean Service, emphasized the importance of hypoxia assessment for monitoring ocean health and assessing its impact in a changing climate. Effective management and reduction strategies are required to combat the growing dead zone. Scientists believe that long-term data collection and analysis will allow authorities to adjust their methods to minimize the impact on coastal resources and local communities.

Combating the Growing Dead Zone: Necessary Steps to Preserve Ecosystems

Combating the growing dead zone is a complex task that requires a systematic approach and effective strategies. A dead zone, or hypoxic zone, is an area of ​​a body of water with low oxygen levels, making it dangerous for marine life. These zones are formed due to excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus that enter water bodies with agricultural and urban runoff. The growing dead zone threatens ecosystems and fishing grounds, so urgent and effective action is needed.

The first step to solving the problem is about improving nutrient runoff management. This includes adopting more sustainable farming practices, such as precision fertilization and using technology to reduce runoff. It is also important to strengthen control over wastewater treatment plants in cities in order to reduce the level of pollutants entering water bodies.

Second step— carrying out continuous monitoring and data collection. Creating and maintaining detailed databases of oxygen levels and nutrient concentrations will help scientists and authorities quickly detect and respond to changes. This will allow you to more accurately predict the development of dead zones and make informed decisions.

Third step is a collaboration at the local, national and global levels. Combating dead zones requires the joint efforts of various countries and regions, since pollution often has a transboundary nature. The exchange of information and experience, as well as joint projects to improve the condition of water bodies, can significantly increase the effectiveness of measures to combat hypoxia.

Finally, the key element is raising public awareness of the problem. Educational campaigns and awareness programs will help residents understand the importance of reducing pollution and supporting sustainable practices.

Thus, to effectively combat the growing dead zone, comprehensive and multi-level approaches are needed, including runoff management, monitoring, international cooperation and increased public awareness. Only combined efforts will help preserve the vitality of our ecosystems and ensure a sustainable future for marine resources.

Eco-friendly travel: reducing your carbon footprint
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Eco-friendly travel: reducing your carbon footprint

In today’s era, as environmental issues become increasingly prominent in public discussions, it is important to pay particular attention to environmental responsibility when traveling. Research shows that international tourism significantly increases total carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, reaching approximately 8% of global levels. This indicator covers not only the direct combustion of fuel by vehicles, but also the indirect use of resources associated with the provision of services in hotels, restaurants and other tourism infrastructure.

These data prompt us to think about the importance of a more responsible approach to the organization of holidays and travel. Each of us has a choice: continue to travel as usual, adding to the burden on the environment, or seek alternative holiday options that help reduce our carbon footprint. This applies not only to the choice of transport, but also to everyday habits while traveling, such as the use of disposable items, water and electricity consumption.

By making environmentally responsible decisions, we not only reduce our carbon emissions, but also help preserve the natural resources and beauty of our planet for future generations. This could mean choosing buses over planes for short trips, staying in eco-friendly hotels, using reusable containers and water bottles, and respecting natural resources in holiday destinations.

Conscious consumption: everything you need to know about your carbon footprint

A carbon footprint is the sum of the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gasses, expressed in CO2 equivalents, that are released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity. This indicator includes various sources of emissions, from industrial processes and transport use to household energy consumption and waste management.

The carbon footprint measures the impact of the actions of an individual, a company, or even an entire nation on global warming and climate change. Awareness and control of your carbon footprint are important steps towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible lifestyle, helping to reduce your negative impact on the environment and slow down global warming.

The most polluting industries: where is the maximum environmental damage?

  • Electricity generation and heating (25%): The largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions is the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil used to heat and light cities.
  • Agricultural sector (24%): Intensive livestock farming, agricultural production, cultivation and deforestation for agricultural purposes result in significant greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Industrial sector (21%): Manufacturing greenhouse gas emissions come not only from fuel combustion, but also from chemical reactions, metallurgical processes, mineral extraction and processing, and waste disposal.
  • Transportation industry (14%): A significant number of vehicles around the world still run on gasoline and diesel, making cars, ships, trains and planes the main sources of carbon dioxide.

China ranks first in the world in terms of CO2 emissions, twice as large as the United States.

How to travel eco-friendly: tips for minimizing harm to nature

The choice of vehicle has a decisive influence on the traveler’s ecological footprint. Despite its speed, air travel is a major source of carbon dioxide, accounting for approximately 2.2% of global emissions.

Petrol-powered vehicles contribute 14% of global CO2 emissions, highlighting the need to choose greener alternatives.

International bus transport offers an effective alternative. Capable of carrying many passengers at once, buses significantly reduce the carbon footprint per passenger compared to private cars or air travel.

Although buses cannot completely eliminate their environmental impact, using them as a primary means of transport when traveling can significantly reduce their negative impact on the planet.